producer surplus

This term is a technical concept used primarily in microeconomics to quantify the benefit producers receive when the market price exceeds their marginal cost of production. It represents the area above the supply curve and below the equilibrium price on a supply-and-demand graph.

Because it describes a theoretical economic value or a specific measure of welfare, it is treated as an uncountable noun. It is not used in plural form to describe multiple instances of surplus, but rather as a singular conceptual mass.